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1.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 74(1): 53-60, feb. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388919

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La rehabilitación del piso pélvico es frecuentemente indicada a los pacientes con incontinencia fecal. Su efectividad a corto plazo ha sido demostrada. Sin embargo, sus resultados en el largo plazo son controversiales. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es evaluar los resultados funcionales y calidad de vida a largo plazo de los pacientes con incontinencia fecal tratados mediante rehabilitación del piso pélvico. Materiales y Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental. Se incluyeron los pacientes con incontinencia fecal tratados mediante rehabilitación del piso pélvico entre 2007-2014 en nuestro centro, sin necesidad de cirugía. Se midió el puntaje funcional de Wexner y de calidad de vida (FIQLS) antes (T1) y después del tratamiento (T2). Se realizó encuesta vía correo electrónico para obtener dichos puntajes entre 3-10 años posterior al tratamiento (T3). Resultados: De 215 pacientes, 182 cumplían criterios de inclusión. 96 (52,8%) de ellos respondieron la encuesta en T3. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 4,5 (3-10) años. La edad promedio al tiempo del estudio fue de 60,8 ±13,1 años. 88,4% fueron mujeres. La mediana del puntaje funcional fue 16 (6-20) en T1 y 7 (0-18) en T2, p = 0,000. La calidad de vida mejoró significativamente en sus 4 dimensiones entre T1 y T2. En T3, ambos puntajes presentaron mejores promedios que en T1, p = 0,000. No hubo asociación entre el tiempo de seguimiento y el resultado funcional en T3. Conclusión: Los pacientes con incontinencia fecal tratados mediante rehabilitación del piso pélvico mejoran significativamente su funcionalidad y calidad de vida. El beneficio disminuye en el tiempo, pero persiste mejor que previo al tratamiento.


Introduction: Pelvic floor rehabilitation is often indicated as first-line therapy for patients with fecal incontinence. Its short-term effectiveness has been demonstrated in these patients. However, long-term results are controversial. Aim: Our objective is to evalúate long-term functionality and quality of life in patients with fecal incontinence treated with pelvic floor rehabilitation. Materials and Method: Quasi- experimental study conducted at a single tertiary care center. We included patients with fecal incontinence treated by pelvic floor rehabilitation at our center between 2007-2014 who did not require surgery. Wexner functional score and quality of life using FIQLS were measured pre (T1) and post-treatment (T2). Poste - riorly, an-e-mail survey was conducted to retrieve scores three to 10 years after treatment (T3). Results: Of the 215 patients, 182 met the inclusion criteria. 96 (52.8%) patients responded at T3 and were therefore included. The median follow-up period was of 4.5 years (3-10). The mean age at the time of the study was 60.8 ± 13.1 years and 88.4% were women. The median Wexner score was 16 (6-20) in T1 and 7 (0-18) in T2, (p = 0.000). Quality of life improved significantly in its four dimensions when comparing T1 and T2. In T3, Wexner and the quality of life scores were significantly lower than T2. However, in T3, both scales had better means than T1, (p = 0.000). There was no association between the follow-up time and the functional result in T3. Conclusions: Patients with fecal incontinence treated by pelvic floor rehabilitation improve their functionality and quality of life significantly. This benefit decreases over time but remains above its baseline.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Pelvic Floor/physiopathology , Fecal Incontinence/physiopathology , Fecal Incontinence/rehabilitation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
2.
Rev. chil. cir ; 65(5): 415-420, set. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-688447

ABSTRACT

Introduction: different factors have been associated with increased risk of complications in laparosco-pic colorectal surgery. The aim of this study is to identify these factors in our series. Method: retrospective cohort. All patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery between january 2000 and june 2012 were included. Patients who had postoperative complications until 30 days postoperatively were identified and analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A p value less than 0.2 was used was used as a criteria for entry into the multivariate model. Results: the series consists of 848 patients with a median age of 58 +/- 22 years. Main surgical indications were: neoplasia (42.3 percent), diverticular disease (27.8 percent) and inflammatory bowel disease (8.8 percent). Most frecuently-performed procedures were: sigmoidectomy (39.5 percent), anterior resection of the rectum (13.4 percent), right hemicolectomy (13 percent) and total colectomy (8.7 percent). On univariate analysis, factors associated with complications were age over 75 years (OR 1.82, 95 percent CI 1.02 to 3.25) and red blood cell transfusion (OR 8.47, 95 percent CI 3.69 to 19.43). On multivariate analysis, red blood cell transfusion (OR 7.9 95 percent CI 1.78 to 35.88) and ASA III or IV (OR 3.26 95 percent CI 1.01 to 17.23) were independent factors associated with postoperative complications. Conclusion: intraoperative red blood cell transfusion and ASA score III or IV are independent risk factors associated with complications in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.


Introducción: se han descrito factores que se asocian a mayor riesgo de complicaciones en cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar estos factores en nuestra serie. Método: cohorte histórica. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica entre enero de 2000 y junio de 2012. Se identificaron los pacientes que tuvieron complicaciones post operatorias hasta 30 días después de la operación. Se analizaron mediante regresión logística uni y multivariada. Se utilizó como criterio de entrada al modelo multivariado los p < 0,2 y como criterio de significancia un p = 0,05. Resultados: la serie consta de 848 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 58 +/- 22 años. Las principales indicaciones operatorias fueron: neoplasia (42,3 por ciento), enfermedad diverticular (27,8 por ciento) y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (8,8 por ciento). Las operaciones realizadas con mayor frecuencia fueron: sigmoidectomía (39,5 por ciento), resección anterior de recto (13,4 por ciento), hemicolectomía derecha (13 por ciento) y colectomía total (8,7 por ciento). En el análisis univariado, los factores asociados a complicación fueron: la edad sobre 75 años (OR de 1,82; IC 95 por ciento 1,02-3,25) y la transfusión de glóbulos rojos (OR 8,47; IC 95 por ciento 3,69-19,43). En el análisis multivariado, la transfusión de glóbulos rojos (OR 7,9 95 por ciento IC 1,78-35,88) y el ASA III o IV (OR 3,26 95 por ciento IC 1,01-17,23) fueron factores de riesgo independientes de complicaciones en el postoperatorio. Conclusión: la necesidad de transfusión y el ASA III o IV son factores de riesgo independientes asociados a complicaciones en cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colorectal Surgery/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Laparoscopy/adverse effects , Blood Transfusion , Cohort Studies , Colonic Diseases/surgery , Rectal Diseases/surgery , Morbidity , Multivariate Analysis , Risk Factors
3.
Rev. chil. cir ; 65(4): 333-337, ago. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-684354

ABSTRACT

Background: the standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (RC) of the middle and lower third of the rectum is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (XRQT) follow by oncologic resection. After this treatment in 15-25 percent of the cases, the pathologist reports complete pathological response (pCR). Aim: to describe demographic, clinical and survival data of patients with pCR undergoing chemoradiotherapy and radical resection for RC. Material and Methods: historic cohort study. In a prospectively maintained database between 2000 and 2010, we identified patients with RC, who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy according to protocol, followed by radical resection. The preoperative staging was obtained by clinical examination, endoscopy, rectal ultrasound, CT scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis and pelvic MRI. Demographic data, tumor location, time between the end of XRTQ and surgery, postoperative staging (according AJCC) and survival, were collected. Results: 119 patients received preoperative XRTQ, 65 percent male, with a mean age of 58 years. The most frequent tumor site was the lower third (63 percent). Surgery was performed 8 weeks after the end of XRTQ. Of 119 patients with XRTQ, 15.1 percent had a pCR. Overall survival was 75 percent, and cancer-specific survival was 80.4 percent at 5 years in patients without pCR. For patients with pCR, the 5 year survival estimates for overall and cancer specific survival was 100 percent. We did not identify factors associated with pCR. Conclusions: in this study, pCR was comparable to other larger series reported elsewhere. No factors associated with pCR were identified.


Introducción: el cáncer de recto (CR) de tercio medio e inferior localmente avanzado se trata con radio-quimioterapia (XRTQ) preoperatoria. Luego XRQT y resección quirúrgica, 15-25 por ciento presentan respuesta patológica completa (RPC) de la lesión. Objetivo: comparar características demográficas, clínicas y sobrevi da de pacientes con RPC y respuesta parcial sometidos XRTQ preoperatoria y resección radical. Materiales y Métodos: estudio cohorte concurrente. En la base de datos de pacientes con CR mantenida prospectivamente, entre 2000-2010, se identificaron pacientes con CR tercio medio e inferior, sometidos XRTQ preoperatoria según protocolo, seguidos de resección radical. Etapificación preoperatoria según: examen clínico, endoscopia, endosonografía rectal, TAC tórax abdomen pelvis y resonancia nuclear magnética de pelvis. Se registraron datos demográficos, localización tumoral, lapso entre término de XRTQ y cirugía, etapificación post operatoria (AJCC), seguimiento y sobrevida. Resultados: 119 pacientes recibieron XRTQ preoperatoria por CR, 65 por ciento hombres. Edad promedio: 58 años. Localización tumoral más frecuente: tercio inferior (63 por ciento). Cirugía se realizó 8 semanas después del término de XRTQ. Etapificación post operatoria: Etapa I 26,1 por ciento, II 34,5 por ciento, III 16,8 por ciento, IV 5 por ciento y RPC 15,1 por ciento. Sobrevida global 75 por ciento, sobrevida específica por cáncer 80,4 por ciento a 5 años. Sobrevida pacientes con RPC fue 100 por ciento a 5 años. No se identificaron factores asociados a RPC. Conclusiones: en este estudio no se logró reconocer factores asociados a RPC. Con las limitaciones que impone el número de pacientes y el seguimiento, se reproducen hallazgos vistos en series más extensas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/therapy , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Neoplasm Staging , Preoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Chemoradiotherapy/methods , Survival Analysis
4.
Rev. chil. cir ; 64(5): 452-456, oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-651873

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Preoperative T staging of rectal cancer is essential for an adequate treatment strategy. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is one of the available modalities. The reported accuracy of this technique for T staging is variable. This inconsistency might be due to neoadyuvancy, and its downstaging properties. Aim: Determine the accuracy of rectal EUS for T staging of middle and lower rectal tumors in patients not treated with neoadyuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Clinical records of all consecutive patients evaluated by rectal EUS between years 2001-2009 in the Catholic University Clinical Hospital were accessed. Of 2.120 patients, 294 had the exam performed for middle or lower rectal cancer. Those who did not receive neoadyuvant chemo-radiation and whose histopathology was available were analyzed. Result: Data was obtained for 69 patients. The overall accuracy of EUS for T staging was 85 percent. For T1 tumors, the sensibility, specificity and accuracy were 82 percent, 96 percent and 94 percent respectively. For T2 tumors the sensibility, specificity and accuracy were 72 percent, 83 percent and 78 respectively. For T3 tumors the sensibility, specificity and accuracy were 82 percent, 83 percent and 83 percent respectively. Conclusion: Rectal EUS continues to be a valuable staging procedure for tumor depth invasion, with an overall accuracy of 85 percent.


Introducción: La estadificación tumoral (T) preoperatoria es esencial para el tratamiento del cáncer de recto. La endosonografía rectal (ER) es una de las modalidades disponibles. La exactitud de esta técnica para la estadificación tumoral es variable en la literatura, y se sospecha que esta inconsistencia se debe a la neoadyuvancia, por el descenso de estadio que esta produce. Objetivo: Analizar la exactitud de la endosonografía rectal para la estadificación tumoral en pacientes con cáncer de recto medio o inferior que no hayan recibido neoadyuvancia. Material y Método: Se estudió a los pacientes sometidos a endosonografía rectal entre los años 2001-2009 en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. De un total de 2.120 pacientes, 294 fueron evaluados por cáncer de recto en tercio medio o inferior. Se analizó el examen de aquellos que no recibieron quimio-radioterapia preoperatoria y se encontraba disponible la anatomía patológica para su comparación. Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 69 pacientes. La exactitud global del examen para la determinación del T fue 85 por ciento. Para la determinación de T1 los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y exactitud fueron 82 por ciento, 96 por ciento y 94 por ciento respectivamente. Para T2 los valores de sensibilidad, especificad y exactitud fueron 72 por ciento, 83 por ciento y 78 por ciento respectivamente. Para T3 los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y exactitud fueron 82 por ciento, 83 por ciento y 83 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusión: La endosonografía rectal sigue siendo un valioso examen para la determinación de la profundidad de invasión tumoral en cáncer de recto con una exactitud global de 85 por ciento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Endosonography/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms , Neoplasm Staging/methods , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 63(4): 388-393, ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597537

ABSTRACT

Background: Conversion to open surgery of laparoscopic procedures is not in essence a complication, but invalidates the benefits of laparoscopy. Aim: To identify the predictive factors for conversion in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Material and Methods: Revision of medical records of all patients with colorectal disease operated using a laparoscopic approach, from 1998 to 2010. Gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), previous abdominal surgery, elective/urgency procedure, benign/malignant disease, type of resection and surgeon experience were recorded. A logistic regression model was done to determine which variables were predictive for conversion to open surgery. Results: The medical records of 582 patients aged 57 +/- 17 years (45 percent men) were analyzed. The rate of conversion to open surgery was 7.1 percent. The logistic regression model selected as predictors of conversion a BMI over 25 kg/m² (odds ratio (OR) 4.9, 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) 2.4 to 9.9), cancer surgery (OR 2.1, 95 percent CI 1.1 to 4.3) and male sex (OR 2.30, 95 percent CI 1.14 to 4.65). The receiver operating curve (ROC) of the model had an are under the curve of 0.766 with 95 percent CI of 0.69 to 0.84). Conclusions: A BMI over 25 kg/m², male sex and the resection of a malignant tumor were predictive factors for conversion to open surgery.


Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo para la conversión en la cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal. Material y Método: Se revisó la base de datos prospectiva de cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal, desde 1998 a 2010. Se analizaron las variables: sexo, edad, ASA, IMC, presencia de cirugía abdominal previa, procedimiento electivo/urgencia, patología benigna/maligna, tipo de resección y experiencia del cirujano. Se realizó un análisis uni y multivariado. Para determinar las variables predictivas de conversión, la totalidad de estas fueron incluidas en un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: De un total de 621 pacientes consecutivos, la serie se compuso de 582 pacientes (hombres: 45 por ciento, edad promedio: 56,3 años) Tasa de conversión 7,1 por ciento. El modelo de regresión logística seleccionó tres variables como predictivas de conversión: IMC > 25 kg/m² (OR 4,88; IC95 por ciento 2,40-9,92), cirugía por cáncer (OR 2,12; IC95 por ciento 1,11-4,29) y sexo masculino (OR 2,30; IC95 por ciento 1,14-4,65). No fueron predictivas de conversión: edad, comorbilidades, experiencia del cirujano, tipo de procedimiento, ni cirugía previa. La calibración del modelo fue satisfactoria, al igual que su capacidad de discriminación (ABC ROC = 0,766). Conclusiones: En este estudio el IMC sobre 25 kg/m², el sexo masculino y las resecciones por cáncer son factores predictivos independientes de conversión. Este modelo predictivo mostró una calibración satisfactoria, asociada a una capacidad de discriminación acertada para el evento en estudio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Colonic Diseases/surgery , Rectal Diseases/surgery , Laparoscopy/statistics & numerical data , Laparoscopy/methods , Analysis of Variance , Body Mass Index , Logistic Models , Prognosis , Risk Factors , ROC Curve
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(4): 467-474, abr. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-484922

ABSTRACT

Background: The ileo anal-pouch-anastomosis (IPAA) is the treatment of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Aim To analyze the surgical outcomes, long term evolution and functional results of IPAA. Material and methods: All patients subjected to an IPAA, from 1984 to 2006 were identified from a prospectively constructed inflammatory bowel disease database. Surgical variables, postoperative complications and functional evaluation, using Oresland score were analyzed. Chi square, Fischer exact test, T Student, Mann Whitney and binary logistic regression were included in the statistical analysis. Results: In the study period 107 patients, aged 14 to 62 years (61 females), subjected to an IPAA, were identified in this period. All patients, except 4, had a J pouch. All were protected with a loop ileostomy Thirteen patients (12.1 percent) had specific postoperative complications: pelvic collections in five (4.6 percent), wound infection in four (3.7 percent), fistula of the anastomosis in two (1.8 percent), hemoperitoneum and pouch necrosis in one each. Three (2.7 percent) patients were reoperated. There was no post-operative (30 days) mortality. A complete follow-up was obtained in 106 of 107 patients: four evolved as Crohn disease; four lost their pouch and two died for other causes. One patient required an ileostomy due to a vaginal fistula. Seventy two patients were followed more than 36 months after ileostomy closure and 92 percent have a satisfactory intestinal function. In the univariate analysis, poorest intestinal function was related to age of diagnosis of UC and presence of chronic pouchitis. In the multivariate analyses age of diagnosis was associated with poor function. Conclusions: IPAA has a low rate of complications. The long term intestinal function is satisfactory in most patients. A poorer intestinal function was observed in older patients and those with chronic pouchitis).


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anal Canal/surgery , Colitis, Ulcerative/surgery , Colonic Pouches/adverse effects , Proctocolectomy, Restorative/adverse effects , Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects , Crohn Disease/etiology , Pouchitis/etiology , Preoperative Care , Surgical Wound Infection/etiology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
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